Organization of trade

Organization of trade

Patterns of organizing and administering trade include:

• State control - trade centrally controlled by government planning.
• Laws regulating Trade and establishing a framework such as trade law, tariffs, support for intellectual property, opposition to dumping.
• Guild control - trade controlled by private business associations holding either de facto or government-granted power to exclude new entrants.
• In contemporary times, the language has evolved to business and professional organizations, often controlled by academia. For example in many states, a person may not practice the professions of engineering, law, law enforcement, medicine, and teaching unless they have a college degree and, in some cases, a license.
• Free enterprise - trade without significant central controls; market participants engage in trade based on their own individual assessments of risk and reward, and may enter or exit a given market relatively unimpeded.
• Infrastructure in support of trade, such as banking, stock market,
• Technology in support of trade such as electronic commerce, vending machines.

[edit] International organizations

• European Common Market
• G8
• General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), World Trade Organization (WTO)
• International Monetary Fund (IMF)
• OPEC = Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

[edit] Free trade areas

• Free trade organizations or free trade areas
• European Free Trade Association
• Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA)
• [[North American Free Trade

Top News of the Day

[[News No 1.]]As part of its probe on scam-tainted Satyam, RBI today collected particulars of transactions that various banks including The bank, in a statement, had said that it did not have any fund-based exposure to Satyam Computer Services other than a marginal exposure of about Rs 3-crore on account of a forward contract.
Satyam is also maintaining a deposit with ICICI Bank in a current account. The balance in this account is not material, ICICI bank said. We have submitted the details of our business deals with Satyam to the Reserve bank. In the wake of these developments (in Satyam), banks are bound to be extra cautious while lending to such corporates, SBIs Chief Financial Officer Ashok Mukand told.When asked, Citibank declined to comment if the company was its client and whether the bank had given details to RBI.
We are unable to comment due to client confidentiality, a spokesperson of the bank said.
SBI is undertood to have extended loans to the Hyderabad-based company, but the officials declined to divulge the details of its exposure to Satyam.
Leading public-sector lender, Bank of Baroda, has also submitted the details of its insignificant exposure to Satyam to the apex bank, its CMD, M D Mallya said.
We do not have any fund-based exposure to this company (Satyam), Mallya said. However, the lender has some current account deposits of Satyam.
Leading private-sector lender, ICICI Bank, is also believed to have provided the details to the RBI about its dealings with Satyam. [[News No 2.]]CARE has assigned ‘CARE A+’ rating to the proposed Rs 100 crore non convertible debentures issue of Bharati Shipyard Ltd, which is to say the NCDs offer adequate safety for timely servicing and carry low credit risk.
Further, CARE has reaffirmed the ‘CARE A+’ rating assigned to the long-term bank facilities of Bharati Shipyard. Also, CARE has reaffirmed the ‘PR1+’ rating to its short-term bank facilities. The short-term and long-term bank facilities aggregate Rs.3,031 crore, revised from Rs.3,116 crore.
The ratings derive strength from professionally qualified and experienced promoters as well as management, in-house vessel design capabilities of Bharati Shipyard, comfortable gearing level, stable profitability margins, strong order-book position demonstrating visibility in revenue and higher proportion of repeat orders in the order book.
However, the rating is constrained by project risk associated with the expansion projects, high working-capital requirement in the wake of increasing order book and competition from global players in the event of slowdown in the ship building activity.
The inherent cyclicality in the ship building sector, execution of huge order book within the timeframe in view of the possible delay in receipt of equipment for shipbuilding and the government decisions regarding continuation of subsidies are the key rating sensitivities.
Bharati Shipyard is engaged in design and construction of various types of sea-going vessels. Over the years, it has upgraded from manufacturing inland cargo barges and deep-sea trawlers to build tugs, sophisticated offshore support vessels and drilling rigs. BSL has its facilities located at Dabhol (Maharashtra), Ghodbunder (Thane), Ratnagiri (an EOU), Goa (an EOU) and Kolkatta.
The Dabhol and Mangalore yards are under implementation. Since 1987, the company built and delivered over 50 vessels, with 39 vessels being delivered in last nine years.
As on August 31, 2008, Bharati Shipyard had an order-book position of 54 vessels under construction, valued approximately at Rs.5,023 crore, to be executed over the next four years. The export orders constitute 70% of the total order size. [[News No 3.]]Bharat Forge, the countrys largest forgings company, has reviewed its earlier decision to issue non convertible debentures due to bad equity markets.
The Rs 400-crore debenture issue, with detachable warrants, was scheduled to be issued on a rights basis and would have funded Bharat Forges growth plans.
The decision to review the issue was taken at a board meeting on Friday, Bharat Forge said in a statement to the BSE.
Shares of Bharat Forge were up 0.3% to Rs 91.50 on the BSE in intra day trading.
Last month, the auto component maker had approved a proposal to raise Rs 250 crore through issue of debentures on a private placement basis to Life Insurance Corporation of India. [[News No 4.]]The board meeting of Rolta India will be held on 19 January 2009 to take record on the unaudited financial results for the quarter ended 31 December 2008 (Q2) of the financial year 2008-009. [[News No 5.]]KLG Systel has announced that the Power System Solution (PSS) division of the company has been awarded repeat order aggregating Rs 30.60 crore from Uttar Haryana Bijli Vitran Nigam (UHBVN) for EPC project.The company made this announcement during the trading hours today, 10 January 2009.#### Vijaya Bank has announced a reduction in its Benchmark Prime Lending Rate (BPLR) from 13.25 per cent to 12.75 per cent with effect from January 12, 2009.
While deciding on the BPLR, the Banks Asset Liability Management Committee also reviewed the interest rates offered on deposits of various maturities in the light of continued downward trends in benchmark rates, a release said.
Accordingly, interest rates on the Banks retail deposit schemes across various slabs have also been revised downwards in the range of 25 to 75 basis points.
"Our objective is to contribute progressively to a revival in the real economy. I expect the reduction in the BPLR to enable pick-up in credit, especially from the productive sectors as also the public at large," said Vijaya Bank CMD Albert Tauro in the release.

Do's & Dont's of stock market

What you Must NOT Do in Stock Market
Don't panic
Don't make huge investments
Don't chase performance
Don't ignore expenses
Don't panic
What You Must Do in Indian Stock Market
Don't panic
Get Rid of the Junk
Diversify
Belive in your Investment
Stick To your Strategy
For Explanation Click On More

latest news on stock market

Topic :- Closing Note
Market remained very volatile throughout the day and closed in red zone.For today also Satyam is to be blamed.Satyam traded on on the BSE Sensex and NSE Nifty for last time on Friday — it was announced that Satyam would be replaced by Sun Pharma and Reliance Capital respective on the two indices.Volumes were better in todays trade as well. Total traded turnover was at Rs 64,891.47 crore. This includes Rs 12,984.81 crore from NSE Cash segment Rs 47,709.01 crore from NSE F&O and the balance Rs 4,197.65 crore from BSE Cash segment.On Monday we may see weak opening followed by recovery in the market but global cues will play important role.
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Topic :- Time:3.10 P.M
After to much volatility now market seems to be range bound.If nifty (spot) manage to trade above(resistance) 2898-2921 then some recovery may be seen.If Nifty trades below(support) 2843-2820 then good profit booking is expected.
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Topic :- Time:2.05 P.M
Nifty(spot) if trade above (resistance) 2902-2935 some recovery is expected.If Nifty breaks below (support) 2840-2824 good profit booking is expected. Infra stocks moving now.
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Topic :- Time:12.50 P.M
Top 5 Losser in NIFTY as on 9th January, 2009 at 12:45 Pm.
Satyam Computer Services Ltd(SATYAMCOMP) Down 45.59%
DLF Limited(DLF) Down 16.70%
Unitech Ltd(UNITECH) Down 12.65%
Siemens Ltd(SIEMENS) Down 11.10%
Reliance Communications Limited(RCOM) Down 10.07%.
www.ShareTipsInfo.com Team
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Topic :- Time:12.00 P.M
Market Out Look: NIFTY is Having Resistance at 2850-2860(Spot) Levels. If Nifty is able to Cross & Sustain above these level then we can see some recovery in market which can take Nifty to 2880-2910-2945 levels Very Soon.
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Topic :- Time:11.46 A.M
For now Nifty spot above 2860 can see some recovery now and if Nifty spot breaks 2840 we can see some profit booking in the market.Inflation for weekend is 5.91% VS 6.61% last week. Whole story of Satyam biggest scam updated on our site. Please find same in articles section.
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Topic :- Time:10.55 A.M
As mentioned market will see selling pressure.Now recovery is expected only above 2910. Below 2860 we can further see selling pressure in the market.We were asking our clients to stay away from SATYAM Counter. The company is tainted in all respects & there was possibility of Complete loss of Capital of Investors & traders. In Last 2 Trading Session this counter slips from 188 to Just 6.30 Rs. & Now Trading at 20 Rs.The Satyam Counter will be out from NIFTY & SENSEX from this Monday that is 12th January, 2009. In Nifty it will be replaced by RELCAPITAL & In SENSEX by SUNPHARMA.
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Topic :- Opening Note
Negative opening expected.For morning session Nifty spot below 2900 to remain weak.More profit booking to come if Nifty breaks 2875 level. Recovery only expected if Nifty manages to trade above 2950.Sentiments in market are very bad.Trade in less quantity or avoid early trade.

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Articles on Stock Market & Investments

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Stock Market - Quotes, Sayings and Oneliners

Stock Market - Quotes, Sayings and Oneliners
“ Most investors don’t even stop to consider how much business a company does. All they look at are earnings per share and net assets per share.” -Kenneth L Fisher, Stock Market Guru.“ Sometimes your best investments are the ones you don’t make.” -Donald Trump. “ If your broker or investment advisor is not familiar with the concept of standard deviation of returns, get a new one.” -Bernstein, William.